Wave patterns can be changed permanently with ________ or temporarily with heat.

Wave patterns can be changed permanently with chemicals. This concept is fundamental in cosmetology, particularly in relation to hair treatments. Permanent wave processes, such as perming, involve the use of chemical solutions that alter the structure of the hair’s protein bonds. These chemicals break and reform the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing for a new wave or curl pattern that lasts until new hair growth occurs or further chemical processing is done.

While heat can temporarily change wave patterns, as seen in styling techniques like curling or straightening with hot tools, this change is not permanent. Similarly, water and conditioners are primarily used for moisturizing or softening hair and do not alter the wave pattern in a lasting manner. Therefore, the role of chemicals is crucial for achieving long-lasting changes in hair texture and is a key principle in cosmetology practices.