What is commonly used as a neutralizer in permanent waving?

The commonly used neutralizer in permanent waving is neutralizing shampoo. This is because neutralizing shampoo has specific ingredients designed to restore the pH balance of the hair after the waving solution has been applied. When hair undergoes a permanent wave, the chemical process alters the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. Once the desired curl or wave is achieved, it is critical to neutralize the hair to halt the chemical reaction. Neutralizing shampoos typically contain agents that deactivate the perm solution and help to lock in the new shape of the hair.

Other products like conditioners, moisturizing creams, or gels serve different purposes in hair care but do not effectively neutralize the chemical reactions involved in permanent waving. Conditioners primarily provide moisture and smooth the hair cuticle, while moisturizing creams are more focused on hydration. Gels are mainly used for styling and providing hold but do not address the chemical processes involved in waving. Hence, neutralizing shampoo is the essential product for ensuring the permanence and integrity of the waves created by the chemical treatment.