What is the purpose of a neutralizer in permanent waving?

The purpose of a neutralizer in permanent waving is primarily to stop the action of the permanent waving solution. When hair goes through the permanent waving process, it is first treated with a waving solution that breaks down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped into curls or waves. However, to ensure those new curls are locked in place and to restore the hair to a more stable pH, a neutralizer is applied.

The neutralizer is a critical step in this process because it works by reforming the disulfide bonds in their new position, effectively "setting" the curls created by the waving solution. This ensures that the hairstyle lasts and maintains its shape over time. Without using a neutralizer, the changes made by the waving solution could be reversed as the hair returns toward its original form.

While other options mention benefits associated with hair care, such as enhancing curls, moisturizing hair, or setting styles, none of these accurately describe the specific role of a neutralizer in the permanent waving process. The key function of stopping the action of the waving solution distinguishes the function of a neutralizer from those other aspects of hair styling and care.