What skin condition is characterized by discoloration of the skin?

Hyperpigmentation is characterized by discoloration of the skin due to an excess production of melanin, which can result in dark spots or patches. This condition often occurs as a response to various factors such as sun exposure, hormonal changes, or inflammation. It is important for those working in cosmetology to understand hyperpigmentation, as it significantly affects the appearance of skin and can influence skin treatment choices and product recommendations.

On the other hand, hypopigmentation refers to a reduction in melanin production, leading to lighter areas of skin. Dermatitis is a general term for skin inflammation that can cause redness, swelling, and itching, but it does not inherently lead to discoloration. Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition characterized by the rapid buildup of skin cells, resulting in thick, red patches covered with white scales, rather than simple discoloration. Understanding these differences helps to provide better care and advice in cosmetology practices.